It's possible to get too much of a good thing where vitamins are concerned, and this can lead to your feeling sick or a little under the weather. Some vitamins are more likely to cause nausea than others, but taking certain steps can help limit this side effect.
Tip
Nausea from a vitamin supplement may occur after taking a multivitamin or if you're taking high doses of a single vitamin or mineral.
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Multivitamin Nausea
Multivitamins can sometimes cause nausea shortly after you take them, especially if they contain iron or if you take other vitamin supplements along with your multivitamin. Too much iron can cause nausea, diarrhea and stomach cramps in some people, and taking multiple supplements increases the risk of getting too much of a single vitamin.
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This is particularly the case with the fat-soluble vitamins — A, D, E and K — because they're stored in the body and can thus accumulate to unsafe levels and cause adverse effects, including nausea.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Taking too much vitamin A may cause loss of appetite, nausea, headache and dry, itchy skin. Choosing a supplement that has most of the vitamin A in the form of beta carotene can limit the risk of vitamin A toxicity. Toxicities typically develop over time, but taking mega-doses that are higher than the tolerable upper intake level could cause more immediate symptoms. For vitamin A, this would require a dose of more than 3,000 micrograms per day for adults.
Likewise, high amounts of vitamin D can cause side effects, including diarrhea, vomiting, tiredness, itchy skin and bone pain. Check with your doctor to determine an appropriate dose if you decide to take vitamin D supplements, and don't go over the tolerable upper intake level for adults of 4,000 international units per day.
Side effects from taking large amounts of vitamin E aren't common, but when they do occur, they include diarrhea, fatigue, muscle weakness and nausea, according to the Merck Manual. Vitamin E supplements can also thin your blood and increase the risk of excessive bleeding. The tolerable upper intake level of vitamin E is 1,000 milligrams per day for adults.
Read more: A List of Fat Soluble Vitamins
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins, like the B vitamins and vitamin C, aren't as likely as fat-soluble vitamins to cause adverse effects, such as nausea, because any extra you consume is usually just excreted in your urine. Taking more than 2,000 milligrams of vitamin C daily can cause a number of stomach ailments, including nausea, heartburn, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Read more: A List of Water Soluble Vitamins
Limiting Nausea
To avoid nausea from vitamin toxicity, don't take vitamins in doses of more than the recommended daily allowance. Make sure you take into consideration vitamins you get from fortified foods as well as those from supplements.
In the case of multivitamins, taking your vitamin with a small amount of food, taking it at night instead of in the morning or splitting it in two and taking half in the morning and half at night can help limit nausea.
Read more: Vitamin Toxicity Symptoms